Premessa: oltre al resto, il sottoscritto aiuta un certo numero di persone a mantenere i propri dati in sicurezza, di solito realizzando server dedicati per lo stoccaggio di dati e email sensibili. A sentirlo dire, molte persone oneste alzano un sopracciglio e pensano a complicità con mafiosi, evasori totali, politici corrotti, pedopornografi e gente che scrive poesie. Invece sono protezioni pensate per, e utili a, fiscalisti, imprenditori, commercialisti, avvocati, investitori, professionisti e buoni padri di famiglia. Per dirne una, non è che la Consob veda di buon occhio le imprese che lasciano trapelare imminenti acquisizioni o scalate in borsa senza aver prima compiuto tutti gli atti formali.
Quando si lavora sulla sicurezza dei dati, parte dello sforzo sta nel rimanere aggiornati. Se il venerdì sera passa la notizia che è stata trovata una vulnerabilità nel sistema operativo usato sui server, non si può timbrare il cartellino e rimandare il problema a dopo il weekend, bisogna correre ai rimedi subito.
Una comunicazione trasmessa su canale cifrato via Internet è intercettabile – perché la rete è pubblica – ma chi la intercetta non può infrangere la sicurezza dovuta alla crittografia. Lo spione potrebbe però registrare una copia dei dati e provarci con maggior calma. Fortunatamente, la maggior parte delle informazioni riservate ha un valore limitato nel tempo (un buon esempio è quello di poco fa, l’imminente acquisizione di una azienda da parte di un’altra). Ma in alcuni casi la pubblicazione di un file causerebbe un sostanziale danno anche a decenni di distanza. La cosa più difficile di tutte, dunque, è cercare di premunirsi contro scoperte e novità che verranno annunciate in futuro.
![THE FUTURE According to Google search results.
2012 World population reaches 7 billion.
Flying cars reach market.
Canada cuts greenhouse emissions to 6% below 1990 levels as per Kyoto.
Apocalypse occurs.
2013 National debt paid off through President Clinton's plans.
Microchipping of all Americans begins.
Homelessness ended in Massachusetts.
Health care reform law repealed.
2014 US leaves Afghanistan.
GNU/Linux becomes dominant OS.
2015 New Horizons reaches Pluto.
Health care law causes hyperinflation.
192 UN member nations achieve millennium development goals:.
Extreme poverty and hunger eradicated.
Universal primary education implemented.
Women empowered, gender equality reached.
Environmental stability ensured.
2016 Baby boomers begin turning 65.
Android takes 38% of the smartphone market.
Android takes 45% of the smartphone market.
Windows Phone overtakes iOS in smartphones.
2017 China completes unmanned Lunar sample-return mission.
Social Security stops running surplus.
US budget balanced.
Newspapers become obsolete and die out.
Cosmetic surgery doubles.
2018 Social Security stops running surplus.
Jesus returns to Earth.
2019 Social Security stops running surplus.
Every baby has genes mapped at birth.
2020 Solar power becomes cheaper than fossil fuels.
Keyboards and mice become obsolete.
New Tappan Zee bridge constructed.
2021 US debt reaches 97% of GDP.
US unemployment falls to 2.8%.
Restored caliphate unifies Middle East.
Lake Mead evaporates.
2022 Kilimanjaro snow-free.
HTML 5 finished.
Newspapers become obsolete and die out.
2023 Jesus returns to Earth (again).
US debt passes 100% of GDP.
All unprotected ancient forests gone from Pacific Northwest.
2024 Atlantis begins to reappear.
Orangutans extinct in wild.
China lands men and women on the moon.
NASA sets up permanent moon base.
Female professionals pass males in pay.
2025 World population reaches 8 billion.
Two billion people face water shortages.
62 MPG cars introduced.
US power fades.
2026 Atlantis emerges completely.
Rock Bands die out.
US debt paid off.
Car accidents cease.
West coast falls into ocean.
2027 Japan introduces new fastest Maglev train.
Lyndon Larouche-planned Mars colony is established.
Social Security stops running surplus.
2028 Tobacco outlawed.
40% of coral reefs gone.
US debt paid off.
Social Security stops running surplus.
2029 Social Security trust fund exhausted.
Computers pass the Turing test.
Aging reversed.
Wikipedia reaches 30 Million articles.
2030 Half of Amazon rain forest lost to logging.
Cancer deaths double from 2008 levels.
Arctic ice-free in summer.
2031 Computers controlled by thought.
Realtors replaced by technology.
Social Security trust fund exhausted.
2032 Big One hits San Francisco.
US elects first married lesbian President.
Entire world converted to Christianity.
2033 Kilimanjaro ice disappears.
India becomes superpower.
Europe reaches Mars.
2034 US diabetes cases double, treatment costs triple.
US builds autonomous robot army.
2035 80% of America's energy comes from renewable sources.
Himalayan glaciers down 80% in size.
Arctic sea lane opens.
2036 80% of US has access to high-speed rail.
Asteroid Apophis misses/hits Earth.
2037 Arctic ice-free in September.
Social Security trust fund exhausted.
2038 32-bit timestamps roll over, causing Y2K-level chaos.
Big One hits California.
2039 US population hits 400 Million.
Severe heat waves become commonplace.
Scientology becomes majority religion in US.
2040 Arctic summers ice-free.
Nanotechnology makes humans immortal.
2041 Social Security trust fund exhausted.
2043 World population passes 9 Billion.
2044 Mankind genetically engineered to be happy.
Childhood obesity reaches 100%.
2045 Humans and machines merge.
2046 World's natural resources depleted.
2047 World ruled by banks and corporations.
Tobacco industry fails.
US begins using autonomous attack drones.
2048 Salt-water fish extinct from overfishing.
Unisex bathing suits cover body from shoulder to ankle.
Entire US population overweight.
2049 $1.000 computer exceeds computational ability of humanity.
Singularity occurs.
Fishing industry collapses.
2050 80% of Earth's population lives in urban centers.
China controls space.
Sex with robots possible.
Cars banned from European cities.
One million species extinct from climate change.
2051 Atmosphere escapes into space.
2052 Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security spending exceed total US revenue.
2053 US budget balanced.
Majority of Americans in prison.
Cars driven by dogs.
2054 Hunger becomes unimaginable global problem.
2055 Atmospheric CO2 doubled.
Oil runs out.
Copper, tin, lead, gold, and nickel all exhausted.
2056 RFID-tagged driverless cars.
Robots given same rights as humans.
2057 150 Japanese settlers on Mars.
Colorado River runs dry.
2058 Smoking ends in New Zealand.
2059 Humans have domesticated robots.
2060 Human race lives in peace.
Extreme droughts across much of Earth.
Global temperature rise reaches 4 °C.
Oil runs out again.
2061 Halley's comet returns.
2062 Uganda hosts World Cup.
The Jetsons.
2063 First human clones reach adulthood.
Population of Moon reaches 100,000.
Population of Mars reaches 10,000.
Spacecraft exceed speed of light.
2064 Clean Air Act finishes reducing haze in national parks to natural levels.
2065 Last coral reefs die out.
Chernobyl cleanup complete.
2066 Cyprus achieves its goal.
2067 Americans live in domed cities and watch 3D TV.
Redheads go extinct.
2068 Ozone hole over Antarctic finishes recovering.
Lord Jesus rules Earth from throne in Jerusalem.
Entire world population gay due to chemicals in the water.
2069 Public masturbation legalized.
2070 World population peaks.
City-scale flooding disasters.
60% of world's energy comes from renewable sources.
2071 Europe's temperatures rise by 3 °C.
World summer temperatures rise by 5 °C.
2072 US retirement age is set to 75.
2073 Oceans do not rise one foot.
2074 Number of 100-year-olds reaches one million.
Supertyphoons hit Japan.
2075 US retirement age set to 69.
2076 Average scientific paper has more than 24 authors.
Social Security trust fund exhausted.
2078 Newspapers become obsolete and die out.
2079 US debt reaches 716% of GDP.
Lodgepole pines disappear from Northwest.
Floods commonplace.
Religion marginalized.
2080 Federal spending reaches 70% of GDP.
UK population doubles.
2082 World population declines to one billion.
2084 Robot policemen introduced.
2085 US deficit reaches 62% of GDP.
2088 Japan becomes all-robot country.
2089 World halts fossil fuel use.
2090 Global warming hits 7 °C.
Global warming hits 4 °C.
2100 Global warming around 5-7 °C.
Sea levels have risen by a meter or more.
Joshua trees nearly extinct.
Earth's climate resembles that of the Cretaceous.
Germany tropical.
Emperor penguins extinct.
Arctic permafrost thaws.
Rising seas flood coastal cities.
Rain forests mostly gone due to climatic shifts.
All coral reefs gone.
Gillette introduces 14-bladed razor.
2101 WAR WAS BEGINNING](http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/future_timeline.png)
Quantunque, azzeccare cosa accadrà e quando è difficile. Google non aiuta.
Praticamente tutti i sistemi di cifratura moderni per scambio dati su Internet sono matematicamente basati sul sistema Diffie-Hellman e si dimostra che nessun moderno calcolatore può infrangerlo. Ma un futuro calcolatore basato sulla fisica quantistica, se realizzato, potrebbe riuscirci facilmente. È noto che la NSA ci sta lavorando, anche se non è certo se e quando gli sforzi porteranno frutto. Succedesse, qualsiasi traffico dati cifrato moderno che sia stato registrato nel frattempo diverrebbe leggibile: di registrazioni del genere ne esistono per miliardi di gigabyte.
Interessante, dunque, la notizia che è apparsa su un blog di Google il 7 luglio 2016. Il gigante di Mountain View sta giocando con l’aggiunta di un algoritmo studiato per resistere all’elaborazione possibile su un calcolatore quantistico. Aggiunta, si badi bene, quindi al di sopra e in aggiunta a tutto ciò che si fa normalmente in una connessione sicura https.
È, per ora, tutto molto sperimentale. Google protegge in questo modo solo una piccola manciata di siti e per innescare anche la cifratura basata sul nuovo algoritmo l’utente deve dotarsi di Chrome Canary, un browser che non possiamo chiamare “versione beta” perché faremmo un torto alle versioni beta. Ma da qualche parte bisogna pur partire e un successo significherebbe molto per la sicurezza del web.